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Laboratory tests of soils and groundwater

Laboratory tests of soils and groundwater are a set of tests conducted in specialized laboratories to determine the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of soils, as well as the composition and quality of groundwater. These studies are an important part of the engineering surveys required in the design and construction of various facilities.

What is laboratory soil testing for?

  • Determination of mechanical properties is the study of strength, density, porosity, water permeability and other soil characteristics that affect the stability of buildings and structures.
  • Choosing the type of foundation helps one to choose the most suitable type of foundation, taking into account the loads and soil characteristics.
  • Chemical composition analysis is the identification of the aggressiveness of groundwater, which can destroy building structures.
  • Deformation prediction allows one to estimate the probability of subsidence, heaving or liquefaction of soils.
  • Quality control of construction works is the verification of compliance of the materials and soils used with the design requirements.

The main types of laboratory soil research:

  • Physical and mechanical tests – analysis of the granulometric composition, humidity, density, porosity and water permeability of soils.
  • Strength testing - determination of soil resistance to compression, shear, compactness and bearing capacity.
  • Mineralogical and chemical research - study of the composition of soils for the presence of aggressive impurities, salts and other elements.
  • Determination of corrosion activity - assessment of the effects of groundwater and soils on building materials, including concrete and metal.
  • Determination of the filtration coefficient - measurement of soil ability to pass water.

What are laboratory studies of groundwater for?

  • Water quality analysis – identification of the content of pollutants, salts, heavy metals, organics and other components.
  • Determination of aggressiveness level - study of the effects of water on building materials (concrete, metals, plastics).
  • Assessment of suitability for water supply – verification of water compliance with sanitary standards and requirements.
  • Identification of pollution sources – monitoring of ecological status of the territory and possible risks to the environment.

Stages of laboratory research:

  • Sampling – soil and water samples are taken from wells, pits, or open reservoirs.
  • The primary analysis - preliminary examination of the condition of samples in the field.
  • Laboratory testing - conduct of complex analyses on specialized equipment.
  • Results management – preparation of reports and recommendations for designers and builders.

Laboratory studies of soils and groundwater are an important stage of engineering surveys that can improve safety and durability of construction sites, as well as reduce potential risks associated with soil instability and aggressive environments.
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