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Engineering and geophysical surveys

Engineering and geophysical surveys are a complex of studies aimed at studying the geological structure of soils, the physical properties of rocks and groundwater using non-destructive methods. These surveys make it possible to obtain detailed information about the soils without the need to drill a large number of wells.

What are engineering and geophysical surveys for?

  • The study of soil structure - determination of soil layers, depth of occurrence of hard rocks, density and porosity.
  • Detection of geological anomalies – detection of voids, carsts, faults, landslide zones or flooding.
  • Assessment of the bearing capacity of soils helps designers to choose safe and cost–effective structural solutions.
  • Determination of the groundwater level allows one to identify possible flooding risks affecting the foundations of buildings.
  • Construction work control – checking condition of soils and building structures, such as pile foundations or tunnels.

Basic methods of engineering and geophysical surveys

  • Electrical exploration is the study of soil resistance to electric current, which makes it possible to identify aquifers, carsts and faults.
  • Seismic exploration is the analysis of propagation velocity of seismic waves to determine the density and strength of rocks.
  • Georadiolocation (GRL) is the use of radio waves to identify underground utilities, voids and hidden defects.
  • Magnetic exploration is the search for anomalies in the earth magnetic field, which helps to detect metal objects or faults.
  • Gravimetry is the measurement of changes in gravity to study the density characteristics of soils.

Main stages of engineering and geophysical surveys:

  • Preparatory stage - collection of archive data and analysis of geological situation.
  • Field work - conduct of geophysical measurements using specialized equipment.
  • Desk processing – analysis of the received data, construction of geophysical sections and maps.
  • Reporting - preparation of an opinion with recommendations for design and construction.

Engineering and geophysical surveys are widely used in the construction of buildings, bridges, roads, tunnels, dams, as well as in the search for groundwater and minerals. They help to identify potential risks and ensure the safety of construction.
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